Thin-film technologies reduce the amount of active material in a cell. The active layer may be placed on a rigid substrate made from glass, plastic, or metal or the cell may be made with a flexible substrate like cloth. Thin-film solar cells tend to be cheaper than crystalline silicon cells and have a smaller ecological impact (determined from ). Their thin and flexible nature also makes them ideal for applications.
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Según un estudio del analista Michael Thomas, Google y Microsoft consumieron 24 TWh de electricidad cada uno, en 2023. Superan así a más de 100 países enteros, incluyendo Islandia, Túnez, o la República Dominicana.
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